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        <DOI>10.22034/CGEL.3.1.e100050</DOI>
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                    <TitleText>Civil and Geoengineering Letters</TitleText>
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                <TitleText>Direct and Indirect Engineering Geology Methods for Estimating Limestone’s UCS in Mostufi Mountain, Arak</TitleText>
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                <PersonName>Fatima Omidi</PersonName>
                <PersonNameInverted>Omidi, Fatima</PersonNameInverted>
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            <Contributor>
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                <PersonName>Nader Ebrahimi Rad</PersonName>
                <PersonNameInverted>Ebrahimi Rad, Nader</PersonNameInverted>
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                <KeyNames>Ebrahimi Rad</KeyNames>
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                <PersonName>Parviz Bolandi</PersonName>
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                <Text>Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) is a fundamental parameter in engineering geology, particularly for evaluating the mechanical behavior of rock materials in construction and mining projects. This study aims to estimate the UCS of limestone formations in Mostufi Mountain, Arak, using both direct laboratory testing and indirect empirical methods. A total of 75 limestone specimens were collected from various locations within the study area and subjected to laboratory uniaxial compression tests to determine their UCS values. In addition, 75 specimens were tested using the point load index test, and 150 rebound measurements were obtained using the Schmidt hammer in order to develop empirical correlations for indirect UCS estimation. The results were analyzed to assess the reliability and accuracy of the indirect methods in predicting UCS. Statistical correlations were developed between the UCS values obtained from direct tests and the results of the point load and Schmidt hammer tests. These correlations provide a practical approach for UCS estimation in field conditions where direct testing is not feasible due to time and cost constraints. The findings of this study contribute to improving geotechnical site characterization and can be beneficial for engineering applications such as slope stability analysis and urban development projects in limestone-dominated regions.</Text>
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            <Subject>
                <SubjectSchemeIdentifier>20</SubjectSchemeIdentifier>
                <SubjectHeadingText>Uniaxial Compressive strength; Engineering geology; Limestone; Schmidt hammer test; Point load test</SubjectHeadingText>
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            <Dates>
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                <Date>20251230</Date>
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                <Date>20260320</Date>
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                <CopyrightYear>2026</CopyrightYear>
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                    <PersonName>Parviz Bolandi</PersonName>
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